(1)根据that来区别。引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除了起连接主句和从句的作用外,还代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。引导同位语从句的that是个连词,只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,也不能用which来代替。例如:
The fact that(which) we talked about is very important.我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。(that在从句中作about的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。(that只起连接作用)
再如:The news that you heard is true.你听到的消息是真的。(that在从句中作heard的宾语)
Here comes the news that some tourists from America will come to our village.消息传来,说一些美国旅游者要来我们村。(that只起连接作用)
(2)根据先行词来区别。
The moon is a satellite that goes around the earth.月亮是围绕地球运转的一颗卫星。
The few points that the president stressed in his report are very important.总统在报告里强调的几点确实很重要。
同位语所进一步说明的词则是抽象意义的概念,如:fact,result,discovery,news,hope,reason,proposal,thought等。同位语的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释。例如:
He has an idea that he can make the scientific instrument in a better way.他想到能用更好的方法制造这种科学仪器。(从句是idea的具体内容)
He expressed the hope that he would come to China a-gain.他表达了他要再来中国的希望。(从句是hope的具体内容)
(3)根据引导词来区别。
I’ll never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall.我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。
This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的屋子。
而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时,这些词便是连接副词,引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是idea,truth,news等。例如:
The question when we will start the work is not decided.我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。
You have no idea how worried I was.你不知道我是多么担心。
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