当我们转述别人的话时,可以引用别人的原话,被引用的部分称为直接引语;也可以用自己的话转述别人的意思,被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句,直接引语变间接引语时,须在时态以及代词、状语等方面作一些必要的调整,英语语法网的小编总结了以下几种变化:
第一、时态的转变
试比较以下两组直接引语变间接引语的时态转变:
第一组:
“She‘s preparing her lessons,”I said.
我说:“她在准备功课。”(直接引语)
I said (that) she was preparing her lessons.
我说她在准备功课。(间接引语)
第二组:
He said to me,“Jane spent all her time doing that.”
他对我说:“简做那件事花了她全部时间。”(直接引语)
He told me (that) Jane had spent all her time doing that.
他告诉我简做那件事花了她全部时间。(间接引语)
第二、代词的变动
代词要根据句中的意义作相应的变动,如:
“I haven’t brought my dictionary,”the student said.
那学生说:“我没有带词典。”
The student said (that)he hadn’t brought his dictionary.
那学生说他没有带词典
注意:this,these相应地改为that,those
第三、状语的变动
状语一般要按以下表格变动:
“I’ll come and see you again this evening,Tom.”he said.
他说:“汤姆,今天晚上我再来看你。”
He told Tom (that) he would go and see him again that evening.
他告诉汤姆那天晚上他再来看他。
注意:动词come可根据具体情况相应地改为go
当直接引语是疑问句时,除注意在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外,还要注意:
1、间接引语中要用陈述句的语序;
2、特殊疑问句的疑问词要保留;
“Why do you speak English so fluently?”I said to him.
我对他说:“你为什么英语说得如此流利?”
I asked him why he spoke English so fluently.
我问他为什么他讲英语如此流利。
当直接引语为祈使句时,主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用ask,invite,advise,warn,tell,order等动词,而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式,如:
“Please explain why you‘re two and a half hours late,”the boss said.
老板说:“请解释一下你为什么迟到了两个半小时”
The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late.
老板要他解释一下为什么迟到了两个半小时
练习题
将下列句中的间接引语改为直接引语
1、I ordered my boy to go home.
2、The doctor advised her not to eat too much fat.
3、He asked me whether I had any difficulty.
练习题答案
1、I said to ordered my boy,“Go home.”
2、The doctor said to her,”Don’t eat too much fat“
3、”Have you any difficulty?“he asked me
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