more than 与 less than 的用法

在英语学习中,more than 和 less than 的使用频率相当高,用法也较为复杂。笔者在此将其做分别归类,以便同学们在学习中参考。

一、more than

Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整个说来,我们这个星球的表面有百分之七十以上为水所覆盖。

Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。

Bamboo is used for more than building. 竹子不只是用于建筑。

She is more than careful. 她非常细心。

In class, he listens more than attentively.在课堂上,他听讲十分认真。

4. more than 之后接带有 can 的从句时,常表示“否定意义”。此时,从句中的谓语必须是及物动词,并且与句子的主语发生逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:

This secret is more than we can let out. 这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。(主语secret是let out的逻辑宾语。)

▲ less than 表示“不;很少;不到”,具有否定意义,接形容词、副词。

We were busy and less than delighted to have company that day. 那天我们很忙,不高兴有客人来。

The young man is less than twenty years old. 这个年轻人不到20岁。

 

二、more…than

1. 表示“与其……不如……”;“是……而不是……”,常可与 rather than 或 not so much…as 互换使用。

He is more like a spear than anything else. 与其说他(指大象)像别的什么东西,不如说他像一根梭镖。

= He is like a spear rather than anything else.

= He is not so much like anything else as like a spear.

He is more poltroon than cautious. 与其说他谨慎不如说他是怯懦。

2. more…than 之后接含有 can 的从句同样表示否定意义。

Tom has more insolence than I can stand. =Tom’s insolence is more than I can stand. 汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。(见上面第一大条第4点)

▲ less … than 意思是“不像……;不是……”。

Joseph is less honest than his brother. 约瑟弗不是(像)他兄弟那样诚实。

 

三、no more than 或 not any more than

两者的意思均为“只有;仅仅;不过”(= only; just)。前者多用于书面语;后者常用于口语。

Abram Lincoln’s whole school education added up to no more than one year. 亚伯拉罕·林肯所受的全部学校教育总共不过一年。

▲ no less than 意思是“不少于;不下于…之多;多达”

In that battle, we wiped out no less than twenty thousand enemies. 在那一次战役中,我们消灭敌人不下两万人。

 

四、no more … than 或 not … any more than

1. 表示“和……一样地不……”,意味着两者都否定,但往往着重说明前面的一个分句,其作用相当于 neither … nor。如:

Mary is no more diligent than Tom. = Neither Mary nor Tom is diligent. 玛丽和汤姆俩人都不勤奋。

2. 表示“不……正如……不……一样”,常用来加重说话者的语气。如:

We can no more leave the Party than fish can leave water. 我们不能离开党,正如鱼儿离不开水一样。

▲ no less…than 表示“(至少)和……一样”

He is no less active than he used to be. 他和以前一样活跃。

 

五、not more than

常用于数词之前,意为“至多;顶多;不超过”,其意义与 at (the) most 相同。

There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. 地上的干草上躺着一个农家孩子,最多不过17岁。

▲ not less than 表示“不少于”,意义同 at (the) least。

Our school has not less than three thousand students. 我们学校的学生不下三千人。

 

六、not more …than

表示“不如……;不及于……”,语气常着重于后面的一个分句,常可与 not so / as … as 互换使用。

This story is not more interesting than that one. = This story is not so / as interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。

▲ 严格说来 not less … than 的意思是“至少不比……差”,意味着或许还要强一些,但现在基本和 no less than 混用。

His English is not less than yours. 他的英语至少不比你的英语差。

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