高考必考语法精讲精练

语法专题二：代词

代词是英语中非常重要的一类词，也是高考必考考点。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对代词考查列了六项：①人称代词②物主代词③反身代词④指示代词⑤不定代词⑥疑问代词。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第54题（完形填空）考查的是代词whoever、whatever、whichever与whenever的辨析；第63题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法；第78题（短文改错）考查的是不定代词much与many的辨析，第80题（短文改错）考查的是your与our的辨析。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第44题（完形填空）考查的是代词each，another，this与that的辨析；第68题（语法填空）考查的是its的用法（给出代词it，根据题意须将其变为its）；第71题（短文改错）考查的是关系代词that与which的辨析；第79题（短文改错）考查的是our与his的辨析。

2017高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题考查的是关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。

 

    I.代词种类：

1	人称代词	主格	I，you，he，she，it，we，you，they
		宾格	me， you，him， her，it， us，you，them
2	物主代词	形容词性	my，your， his，her，its， our， their
		名词性	mine， yours， his，hers，its， ours， theirs
3	反身代词		myself， yourself， himself， herself， itself， ourselves， yourselves， themselves
4	指示代词		this， that， these， those， such， some
5	疑问代词		who， whom， whose，which， what，whoever，whichever，whatever
6	关系代词		that， which， who， whom， whose， as
7	不定代词		one/ some/ any，each/ every，none/ no， many/ much， few/ little/ a few/ a little
			other/ another， all/ both， neither/ either

 

 

 

 

 

    II.人称代词、物主代词及反身代词对应关系表：

	我	你	他	她	它	我们	你们	他们
主格	I	you	he	she	it	we	you	they
宾格	me	you	him	her	it	us	you	them
形容性物主代词	my	your	his	her	its	our	your	their
名词性物主代词	mine	yours	his	hers	its	ours	yours	theirs
反身代词	myself	yourself	himself	herself	itself	ourselves	yourselves	themselves

 

III.不定代词用法注意点：

1. one, some与any:
   1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
   One should learn to think of others.
   Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
   I have some questions to ask.
   2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
   Would you like some bananas?
   Could you give me some money?
   3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
   I have read this article in some magazine.
   Please correct the mistakes, if any.
   4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。
   There are some 3,000 students in this school.
   Do you feel any better today?
   2. each和every:
   each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
   Each student has a pocket dictionary.

Each (of us) has a dictionary.

We each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points.

Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no：
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English.

Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers.

Not both of us are teachers.  

Either of us is a teacher.

IV.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·代词

考点规律分析：短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。语法填空主要涉及代词的单复数、人称代词主格、宾格以及所有格之间的转换，反身代词及不定代词的用法等。

代词单句改错之真题训练：

1. David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.  

2.When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head.

3.We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times.

4. And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I.
5. I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.

6.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

7.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.

8. Now I can’t watch much television, but a few years ago…
9. I’llspend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it.
10. I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works.
11. …in any other words, I am an only child.
12. For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldn’t find.
13. Then he ate it all by himself. He never helped other.  
14. I was learning to express me in simple English.
15. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
16. At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.
17. And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own .
18. What’s more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him.

代词单句改错之模拟训练：

1. Here are some letters for you and he.
2. She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.

3.Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.

4. Everyone here gets up earlier than her does.
5. Here is my dog. It’s name is Petty.
6. He opened mouth as if to say something.
7. Don’t lose your heart. Try again.
8. The Smiths have been married, but have no children of his own.
9. I tell him everything, for he is a good friend of me.
10. He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.
11. When you are away from home, you should look after you.
12. If you have any question, put up hand.
13. It’s a very important thing. You must think over carefully.

14.I don’t like these; please show me some other.

15. In order to catch the thief, the police did his best.
16. This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago.
17. I’m very sorry about all the whole thing.
18. When I got up, I found parents were preparing breakfast for me.
19. Yes, money is very important, but it is not anything.
20. At the airport, all his baggage was stolen, but soon he got them back.

代词单句改错之提升训练：

 A级  

1. She gave the books to you, him and I.
2. Whose dictionary is this? —- It’s my.
3. This is Tom’s cap, not your.
4. I haven’t brought the dictionary with me. Will you lend me your?
5. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of hers.
6. He is too young to look after he.
7. He always helps others. This is why we trust him.
8. That took him three hours to finish the homework.
9. Who is that man? —- He is a teacher.
10. They were both very tired, but none of them would stop to take a rest.

B级  

1. It is me who am going to help her.
2. He thinks more of others than of oneself.
3. We had better ask the president him about it.
4. That is exactly all what I want to tell you.
5. What she said is the same as us.
6. The weather in summer in Beijing is hotter than it in Guangzhou.
7. He runs faster than anyone in his class.
8. I don’t think that possible to master a foreign language in a short time.
9. Each of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of those hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

代词单句语法填空之真题训练：

1.On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by ________(it) mother.

2.No news is good news, and good news is no news.________are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.

3.For the first time, I feel good about ________ (me) because I’m doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good.

4.Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries.However, women, on average, live longer.In general, ________can expect to live six or seven years more than men.

5.In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from________in the UK.

6.How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

7.The meeting will be held in September, but ________ knows the date for sure.

8.To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ________.

9.Niki is always full of ideas，but________is useful to my knowledge.

10.The quality of education in this small school is better than ________ in some larger school.

11.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ________ contained any useful suggestions.

12.You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.

13.—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?

—________.I’ll be in all day.

14.She’d lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.

15.Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

16.I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

 

学习札记：

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参考答案及解析

语法专题二：代词

代词单句改错之真题训练：

1.去掉 it，因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复)

2.head 前加 his，汉语可“摇头”，而英语的习惯要说 shake one’s head

3.They 改为 We，前后人称不一致

4.I 改为 me，因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格

5.去掉 both。因 both 与后面的 two 意义重复，况且词序安排也不对

6.his 改为 their，因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家”，是复数意义

7.they 改为 we，根据句意，主从句的主语应该一致

8.去掉 much，因为从下文看作者现在根本就不看电视

9.去掉 all，因 all 与 whole 语义重复

10.it 改为 they，因它表示 those classes

11.去掉 any，因 in other words 为固定短语，意思是“换句话说”

12.them 改为it，因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake

13.other改为others，others 泛指“其他人”

14.me 改为 myself，express oneself 为固定结构，意为“表明意思、意见，表达思想”

15.showed 后加 it，showed 在此作及物动词，后面缺少宾语

16.me 改为 myself，根据主语和句意，此处应用反身代词

17.your 改为 their，主语是 more and more people，故用代词their

18.him 改为 them，因为此处要代替的是 your pupils

代词单句改错之模拟训练：

【参考答案】

1.he 改为 him，因与you并列用作介词 for 的宾语。

2. she 改为her，因用作动词 keeps 的宾语。
3. it 改为them，因它指代前面的cats。

4.her 改为 she，因其后有动词 does。

5. It’s 改为Its，it’s = it is / it has，而 its 意为“它的”。
6. mouth 前加his，按英语习惯，此物主代词不能少。

7.去掉 your，比较：lose heart意为灰心，lose one’s heart意为爱上。

8.his 改为 their，因其前相应的名词 the Smiths(史密斯夫妇)表复数。

9.me 改为 mine，a friend of 后习惯上名词性物主代词，不接人称代词的宾格形式。

10. 将her hand 中的 her 改为 his，句意为“他对她笑了笑，把他的手放在她手上”。
11. 将最后一个you 改为 yourself，look after oneself 意为“自己照顾自己”。

12.hand 前加 your，否则不合英语习惯。

13.think 后加 it，因 think over 为及物动词。

14.other 改为 others，指另外的一些；若指另外的一个，可用 another。

15.his 改为 their，指代前面的 the police(它永远表复数意义)。

16. 去掉it，因 it 与 which 语义重复。
17. 去掉all，因它与 the whole 语义重复。

18.parents 前加 my，否则不符合英语习惯。

19. anything 改为everything，否则语意不通。
20. them 改为it，因 baggage 为不可数名词。

代词单句改错之提升训练：

 A级  

1.I改为me

2.my改为mine

3.your改为yours

4.your改为yours

5.hers改为theirs

6.第二个he改为himself

7.This改为That

8.That 改为The

9.Who改为What

10.none改为neither

B级  

1.me改为I

2.oneself改为himself

3.him改为himself

4. What改为that或将all去掉

5.us改为ours

6.it改为that

7.anyone后面加else

8. That改为it
9. Each改为None

10.those改为which

代词单句语法填空之真题训练：

1．its　[根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three－month－old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。]

2．Those/These　[根据句意：没消息就是好消息，好消息就是没消息。对于一些晚间播报和早报来说，这是(那是)经典法则。指代前面的两句话。]

3．myself　[根据句意：第一次，我因为自己做事情而自我感觉良好，而不是因为别人告诉我做得好。]

4．they　[根据句意：女人平均比男人活得年龄长，总体来说，她们有望比男人多活六七年。此处用they代替前文的women。]

5．that　[考查代词。句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。代词 that 指代前文中出现的the education system。]

6.it　[句意：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想。固定表达how would you like it if…，在此结构中it代替后面if句的内容。]

7．nobody　[句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody没有人，符合句意。]

8．other　[句意：为了让自己暖和起来，这个水手坐在火堆旁，光着脚，用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个，另一个，用one…the other…。]

9．none　[句意：Niki总是有很多想法，但是没有一个想法对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none，可指人也可指物。]

10．that　[句意：这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时，指代前面的quality of education要用that，为了避免重复，可以替代前面提到的名词。

11．neither　[句意：这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道，但是都没有有用的建议。考查代词。根据句意，两者都不用neither。]

12．Everyone　[考查不定代词。句意：你可以向任何一个人求助。在这里的每一个人都会给予你帮助。根据前句中的anyone，可知填everyone。]

13．Either　[根据“in the morning or afternoon”“我全天都在家里。”可知答案应填Either。]

14．neither　[题干的意思是“她在伦敦和曼彻斯特都住过，可是这两座城市她都不喜欢，就搬到剑桥去了。”由此意可知要用neither(两者都不)

15．it　[句意：苏珊向我清楚地表达了她希望过自己的新生活。此处用it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。]

16．it　[句意：如果你能提前告诉我你来不来，我将非常感激。I’d appreciate it if you could…为固定句型，it代指if引导的从句。]